NLR (Neutrophils/Lymphocytes)
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a calculated inflammatory marker that reflects the balance between innate and adaptive immunity. Higher ratios indicate increased inflammation, stress, or immune system dysfunction. It's useful for assessing cardiovascular risk and overall inflammatory status.
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White blood cell count
White blood cell count measures the number of leukocytes in the blood, which are key components of the immune system. These cells fight infections and foreign substances. Elevated counts may indicate infection, inflammation, or blood disorders, while low counts can suggest immune suppression or bone marrow problems.
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell, crucial for fighting infections by engulfing and destroying pathogens through a process called phagocytosis. They also release granules and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to combat infections
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell crucial for the immune response, playing key roles in recognizing and responding to pathogens. They include T cells (which help regulate immune responses), B cells (which produce antibodies), and natural killer cells (which target infected or abnormal cells).
Basophils
Basophils are a rare type of white blood cell (leukocyte) involved in the immune system. They contain granules filled with histamine and heparin, which they release to mediate allergic reactions and inflammation. Basophils help defend against parasites and contribute to tissue repair by promoting blood flow and immune cell recruitment.
Eosinophils
Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell characterized by granules that stain red with acidic dyes. They play key roles in immune defense against parasites, modulating allergic reactions, and contributing to inflammation and tissue repair. Eosinophils also regulate immune responses by interacting with other immune cells such as B cells and T cells.
Monocytes
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) produced in the bone marrow that circulate in the bloodstream and play a key role in immune defense. They detect, engulf, and destroy pathogens (such as bacteria and viruses) and can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells to further coordinate immune responses and tissue repair.