DHEA sulfate
DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) is the sulfated form of dehydroepiandrosterone, an adrenal hormone precursor to sex hormones. It reflects adrenal function and aging processes. Low levels may indicate adrenal insufficiency, while high levels can suggest adrenal hyperactivity or PCOS.
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Creatine kinase (CK)
Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme that catalyzes energy transfer in muscle and brain tissues. Elevated levels indicate muscle damage from exercise, injury, heart attack, or muscle diseases like myositis. Different CK isoforms help identify the source of tissue damage.
Salivary cortisol (CAR)
Salivary cortisol measures the free, active form of cortisol and reflects the cortisol awakening response (CAR). It assesses adrenal function and stress response patterns. Abnormal patterns may indicate chronic stress, adrenal fatigue, or circadian rhythm disruption.